Pattern overlaps with poetry in Dick Higgins' (of Fluxus and "intermedia" fame) Pattern Poetry: Guide to an Unknown Literature "...poetry from before 1900 that fuses literature and visual art has existed since the times of ancient Crete and Egypt."
GDC is an online tool that, as I've described it, "is for exploring pattern, poetry, and constrained drawing."
Pattern is a huge field of study (too huge!) that equally covers both science and art. One point of entry might be playing with Truchet tiles, first described in Sébastien Truchet's Mémoire sur les combinaisons (1704).